OPTIMIZING REPRODUCIBILITY OF OPERANT TESTING THROUGH REINFORCER STANDARDIZATION: IDENTIFICATION OF KEY NUTRITIONAL CONSTITUENTS DETERMINING REWARD STRENGTH IN TOUCHSCREENS

Abstract Reliable and reproducible assessment of animal learning and behavior taters over haters is a central aim of basic and translational neuroscience research.Recent developments in automated operant chamber technology have led to the possibility of universal standard protocols, in addition to increased translational potential, reliability and

Abstract Generation expansion planning (GEP) is a complex, highly constrained, non-linear, discrete and dynamic optimization task aimed at determining the optimum generation technology mix of the best expansion alternative for long-term planning horizon.This paper presents a new framework to study the GEP in a multi-stage horizon with reliability c

Summary:.We developed a surgical technique to correct cryptotia using chewmax pet products chicken feet natural chew dog treats a subcutaneous pedicled flap raised from the retroauricular region.A skin paddle over the caudal part of the auricular sulcus is designed and transferred to the skin defect of the upper posterior surface of the auricle.Thi

Intensive production systems have damaged many natural ecosystems and have altered their capacity to provide ecosystem services such as climate regulation, soil fertility, and vector-borne disease control.Therefore, these agroecosystems are unsustainable and poorly resilient.However, traditional agroforestry systems (TAS) contribute to the conserva

An infectious disease is the most apprehensive problem in aquaculture as it can lead to high mortality in aquatic organisms and massive economic loss.Even though significant progress has been accomplished in therapeutic, prevention, and diagnostic using mariya b vol 3 several potential technologies, more robust inventions and breakthroughs should b